business ethics

Pilih Bahasa: Indonesian

PRELIMINARY

For the New Order officials, business and ethics are two meanings to the contrary. "Business is a dirty, immoral," like goods times are often heard. In the way of thinking, people who entered the business world must be ready to take measures that typically are considered "dirty", such as bribing to win the tender, measure and manipulate the scales to profit more, manipulating bills and receipts to obtain additional income, using materials which endanger consumers to reduce production costs, forcing the ads that invite potential buyers to boost appetite in sales volume, giving false information about a marketed product, menakan wages, setting aside competitors in ways fraudulent, falsified brand and product competition, manipulating reports finance for tax purposes or for stock-trading behavior of so many "dirty" can still be added to this list. What may be said in everyday life is considered inappropriate, in business may be considered unusual.

But that opinion is not just the opinion of the New Order era businessmen only. Conscious or not, some officials, businesspeople and the general public this new era of Indonesian goods times are still suffering from the myth that "business ethics" is an understanding that in itself contains contradictions. In this sense, the total reform must also be an effective means of cultural reform can not be expected to take place in a matter of days or months.

Accelerated programs more often even counterproductive consequences. What is important is a clear orientation and a consistency, dedicated to the new cultural orientation.

Even the USA as a mecca for the business world have experienced the dark age of business ethics, nor escape the touch of unethical business behavior. There are times where the celebrities from the stage of American business than nicknamed the "Captains of Industry" also nicknamed "ROBBER barons", due to their business conduct is deemed contrary to public decency. In the USA, business ethics as an element of a business culture in the field of marketing is considered one of the demarcation line between the era of "cautious buyer" and "cautious sellers" has also been considered as the notion that contain contradictions. Even until the 1960s, the words "business ethics" is often ridiculed as an "oxymoron".

Neither the notion of "business" contrary to the notion of "ethics", due to their success, the business person is considered to be brave actions are not praiseworthy. However, entering "business ethics" in a joke that no longer fit with reality. More and more people think that the word "ethics" is no longer in conflict with the word "business". Some management experts consider the word "ethics" is an imbalance for the word "business", with the balance of the business to be healthy. Some others even observing that the definition of "ethics" is contained in the notion of "business", its main business successful and enduring in the long term. Ethical values such as profit and the common welfare, rights, human rights, justice and environmental conservation, calculated business decision-making into the process. Behavioral norms that ensure the ethical values that is poured into the legal device, the obligations and prohibitions, as well as industry associations rules or codes of ethics of the company. Behavioral norms ensuring the ethical values that is poured into a global agreement which was amended by the growing number of countries.

Not all codification efforts were successful. In any business formulation there may be many ethical values which lacks adequate attention or even intentionally or unintentionally violated. But at least, awareness of the need for moral decency in business behavior more spread out.

Information technology revolution has a big share in the distribution business of moral consciousness. But technology can not be meaningful without a lot of human factors that regulate, direct and utilize.

Awareness of business capital through a communications network end of the 20th century made possible thanks to the emergence of new forces that can control and correct the political power and business centers. Unions, konsumsn Movement, women's movement, environmental movement, peace movement, student movement, the independent Press, is a public power that is able to control kedikdayaan business and politics, state and political parties took over the agenda of many movements of public it.

External environment of business, its main customers and the broader public, is only part of the parties that triggers the rising tide of business ethics. Effective internal environmental management also requires respect for the values of moral decency. Workers no longer seen as a factor of production that works based on the rewards and the law, but rather seen as cultured human impulse to express that by working to live and grow unique.

Commitment, performance and employee productivity are considered by the leadership based on ethical values. Ethical values to be cultivated daily behavior in the "culture of the organization."

Awareness of the need for moral decency in the conduct of business also touched competition among business enterprises. "Free market" must be understood also as "fair market". The competitors must respect the "fairness" that if you do not want to fall into a situation of "mob rule" of business, every company is a "wolf" for its competitors. In the 'law of the jungle' business, competition is a 'battle' of all against all, and in many cases this sort of thing detrimental to all parties. Indonesian business world Bankruptcy due to the monetary crises in 1997 apparently also caused by the 'law of the jungle' in this business. And in this reform era, the effort to unite the 'rule of law' must not diplesetkan a 'rule of law of the jungle'.

Thus there are three important criticisms can be addressed to the opinion that the definition of 'business ethics' contains contradictions within itself. First, that the third melenium business faces an increasingly critical public, including in their expectations for ethical conduct of business. Second, that the performance of the internal environment of business organizations is also determined by whether or not there is any value laden leadership. Third, that the business ethics of business competition is expected to prevent a 'war of all against all' which in turn will only hurt all parties.

If this criticism is accepted, and if 'business ethics is no longer understood as a notion which contain internal contradictions, then the need to take care of business conduct' values involved 'or' parties involved 'in an ethical dilemma or a decision-making includes ethical issues. By 'value involved' meant that ethical values may be violated or, by contrast, embodied in the business decisions. Economic benefits, employee loyalty, faithfulness violations, job satisfaction, loyalty and customer satisfaction, public welfare, rights, human rights of workers, consumers and the rights of human rights in general, justice and 'fairness', all that perupakan examples of the value -values that can be realized or were sacrificed in the decision.

Discussions about Benthamism as theological reasoning or konsekuensilitas and related rights and justice as deontological basis for business ethics for the most part contains a discussion of values is involved.

In the general ethics, William K. Frankena refer the parties to consider in the decision making process as a 'moral patient'. In business ethics as applied ethics, the concept of 'moral patient' has undergone an expansion of the concept of corporate owners to all those involved, whose fate is at stake, influenced, modified by a decision or a particular business conduct.

ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS

Behavior of firms in the internal device and its interaction with the environment will determine the quality of corporate existence. All this is apparently based on the belief what is good for each other. While what is good for each if traced as far in relation to the human unconscious leads on what is good for humans, namely morality, because moral values become the basis kebernilaian realized another.

The problem is there are various opinions about values and moral norms in society, and even if moral values and norms agreed upon still appears still arise the question of how moral values and norms that can always be embodied in action. Therefore, the issue of ethics in the business world can be said briefly covers issues including institutional responsibilities, values and moral norms of society and recognized the problem turn into real actions. With reference to anatomical explanations the business world, where ethical issues can be formulated soon

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